Aegean Intelligence Group
THE AEGEAN REGISTER / STANDING DESK / MFGAEIG-WEB-DESK-MFG · PUBLIC RELEASE · 2026
Research / Mining & Manufacturing desk
STANDING DESK · MFG

Mining & Manufacturing.

The minerals desk reads the export-control regimes and processing chokepoints that govern critical-mineral and industrial-material supply, where refining and fabrication capacity, not raw extraction, sets the real constraint, with coverage expanding upstream into mining and downstream into manufacturing as the desk grows.

REPORTS: 3 WATCHLIST: 4 INDICATORS COLLECTION: CONTINUOUS LAST PUBLICATION: 2026-07-08
01 · STANDING WATCH
STANDING WATCHLIST
MOFCOM licensing cadenceELEVATED
Western separation capacity buildoutWATCH
Indonesian downstreaming enforcementSTEADY
Magnet-feedstock premiumsWATCH
SCOPE

Export-control regimes and processing chokepoints, where refining and fabrication capacity rather than extraction sets the constraint.

MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY AGAINST THE APPROVED SOURCE ALLOWLIST.
PUBLISHED WHEN THE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS A JUDGMENT.
SIGNATURE SERIES · WHERE THE GRIP ACTUALLY IS

China's hold is on processing, not on mining. The two get confused constantly.

China's share of world production, by mineral and by stage. Where the measured stage is refining or smelting the share approaches totality: 99 percent of low-purity gallium, 88 percent of refined bismuth. Where it is mining, the share collapses: 3 percent of nickel, under 1 percent of cobalt. A supply strategy aimed at mines addresses the column that was never the constraint.

0%20%40%60%80%100%Gallium, low-purity 99.0% (processing)Gallium, low-purity99.0%Bismuth, refinery 88.0% (processing)Bismuth, refinery88.0%Tungsten 78.8% (mining), computed from USGS valuesTungsten78.8% cSilicon, smelter 78.1% (processing)Silicon, smelter78.1%Graphite, natural 77.8% (mining), computed from USGS valuesGraphite, natural77.8% cRare earths 69.2% (mining), computed from USGS valuesRare earths69.2% cAntimony 36.4% (mining), computed from USGS valuesAntimony36.4% cLithium 21.4% (mining), computed from USGS valuesLithium21.4% cManganese 3.5% (mining), computed from USGS valuesManganese3.5% cNickel 3.1% (mining), computed from USGS valuesNickel3.1% cCobalt 0.6% (mining), computed from USGS valuesCobalt0.6% c
Refining, smelting or processing stage
Mine production stage
PERCENTAGES MARKED c ARE COMPUTED FROM THE COUNTRY AND WORLD TOTALS USGS PUBLISHES IN THE SAME TABLE. THE REST ARE PRINTED BY USGS. USGS PUBLISHES NO REFINING SHARE FOR RARE EARTHS, COBALT, LITHIUM OR NICKEL, SO THOSE BARS SHOW MINING ONLY.
99%
Low-purity gallium, a processing step
No mining stage exists for gallium
0.6%
Mined cobalt
DRC 73%, Indonesia 14%
Not published
Rare earth separation and magnet share
USGS publishes mine production only
SOURCE · US Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, calendar year 2025, values marked estimated by USGS.DATA THROUGH · Calendar 2025, USGS estimates
02 · THE DESK RECORD

Every report this desk has published.

DOCUMENTS CARRY THE PREFIX OF THE LANE THEY WERE PUBLISHED IN. AIG-MIN IS THE RECORD OF THIS DESK AS CRITICAL MINERALS.
THE DESK CODE IS MFG, AND EVERYTHING PUBLISHED FROM NOW ON CARRIES IT. NOTHING ALREADY PUBLISHED IS RENUMBERED.
NO.DATEREPORTSTATUS
AIG-MIN-26-0032026-07-08The Rare-Earth MidstreamWhy Refining, Not Mining, Sets SupplyCURRENT
AIG-MIN-26-0022026-06-03The Critical Mineral Export Control StackFour Simultaneous Regimes, One Bottleneck Architecture, and the Compliance Reality No Single Counsel Reads End to EndCURRENT
AIG-MIN-26-0012026-05-26Critical Minerals Under PressureChina's Export Controls and the Race for Alternative SupplyCURRENT
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